Trichloromethylalkenes



' Patented July 195! .um'rso STATES, PATENT orrlca 'rmcirnoitzt za fr linmnns Elbert c. we and seamleo. shinkle, Passaic,

' N. 1., assignors to United States Rubber. Gom- 111811, New York, N. Y., a corporation or New.

ersey v No Drawing. Application February 20, 1943,

Serial No. 9,956 7 1 4 Claims. (01. 2:10-4:54) J This invention relates totheproduction of tricompounds resulting {mm the combination or halogenomethylalkeues which are formed by a selective and partial dehydrohalogenation oi 'l,l.l,3-tetrahalogeno organic compounds the type formula. &CCHR CR'R-'Y where X is chlorine or bromine; each of R, R, and R" is hydrogen or a radical selected from the class consisting of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon groups containing hetero atoms of the class consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine and sulfur; and Y is chlorine or bromine, Y being chlorine when X is chlorine. The, hydrocarbon radical can have additionally linked to it a wide variety of secondary substituents, e. g., halogen,

' amino; substituted" amino, such as alkylamino,

', arylamino, diarylamino, N-alkyl- 'N-arylamino; cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, :alhenoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, carboxyl, carbalkoxy, carbaryloxy, carbamyl, mercapto, hydroxy,

as shown below-in the table.

The compounds are prepared by the selective deh d ohaiogenation of 1,l ,1,3-tctrahalogenopropanes-and substituted derivatives thereof. The

It has been found by the present invention that I the starting material of this invention, viz, the

1:1 adducts as represented in Equation 1, is disn uished in itsproperties towards alkaline dehydrohalogenation, from those by-product minal halogen atom Y, giving a high yield of olefinic compounds containing one mole of CxaYwith two to six moles o! RHC=CR'R" In the -former case, it has been found that the reaction'proceeds mainly or solely with the preferential elimination'oi the isolated terthe original trihalomethyl group; intact, e. 3.;

. KOH. ChC-CHz-CHr-Cl I a) (m (I) predominates, and it is the sole product when 3-bromo-1,l,1-trichloropropane is used as the starting material.

In contrast, when compounds in which n is 2 to 6 are used, treatment with alkali involves a dehydrohalogenation in which halogen of the trihalomethyl group is predominantly involved.-

An example of this isin the case of 1,1.1,5-tetrastarting materials can be made available by the chloropentanez iree-radical-catalyzed r eaction ofan oleflnic (a X gfifii'fififi ffifiihifigioifii e ggr g r 2E -(cm),c1+ (x and Y being as defined) as illustrated by: (m)

, ClcEC-(cnflr-n +icnc cm)lcu=c' (1) I I I CX'tY-f-RHC=CR'R"- X1C-CHR CR (V) is in minor amount and the explosive (IV) is in considerable proportion, which also makes the reaction diiilcult to control.

A representative list of products which can be prepared by this invention is given below in the table together wtih the reactant compounds from which these products are derived.

Table Beactant Product 1 Bl'rC-CHr-CHgBl BnC-0H=CH 3,3,3-Ttibromopmpene. 2 BrChC-CHg-CH Br BrCliC-CH=CH; 3-Bromo-3,3-dichnoropropene. 3 BnCiO-CHg-OHgBr BnClC-CH=CH; 3-3-Dibromo-3-chloropropene.

ChC-CH=CHCH; l,l,l-Tnchloro-2-bufcne 4 CliHHr-CHCl-CH: and and Cl10-CH:CH=CH1 4,4,4-Trlchloro-l-butene.

ChC-CH=OH-C=H1 1,1,1-Trlchloro-2-herene 5 CliC-CBr-CHCl-Cifil and and ChC-CH,CH=CH-C1H5 1,1,l-Trichloro-B-hexene. V CI;CCH=CHCoHu l,l,l-'lnchlnro-2-nonene 6 ChcCH|CHC1C5H and and OhCCH:CH=CH-C;Hn 1,l,l-Trichloro-3-noneno. v ChC-cH=CHCaHn 1,1,1-1. 7 ClrC-CHz-CHCl-CrHn and and Cl;CCHrCH=CH-C1Hu 1,1,l-Tnchloro-3-undeceue. ChCCHr-CC1(CH;): Cl;C-CHC(CH;)=CH; 4,4,4-Tricbloro-2-mcthyl-l-butene. CI;OC(0H;)=GBCH; 1,1,1-lrichbro-2-methyl-2-butene ChCOH(CH;)CHGl-OB; and and 2 ChCCH(CH;)-CH=CH: 4,4,4-Trichloro-3-methyl-l-butene.

.drogen or alkyi, preferably methyl, and

alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl,

Table-Continued z w Product o o-om-cnci on ooo-c otc-on=on-onrococ.m .-4 4 -Trichloro-2-butonylbenmate:- {ChCH=OH,-CHg-OC OC' anon..- dzttnd'lrichlomz-bntenylp-chhnohenmte H|C 8!! f 67 ch O-CH:CH=OHOCOC|H4CI;.. '4, d-Trlchloral-butenylpchlorobenzc-ate. 68 ClrC-CHr-CHBr-CslEhN C =H-C 2-3.3,3-TrichlorM-propenyl 59 ChOCH:-CHBr-Od5h0 ,3-Trlchloro-l-propenyl 80 CBC-CHz-CKBb-C. s 3,3,3-Trichloro-l -propen l thloghene. 61 ChC-OH -CHBr-O He-C 3,3;3-lrlchioio-1-propeny o texene. .82 CBC-CIb-CHBr-CWCH; H 5,5 chloro-a-penten-z-one.

ChC-CH=C(CH;)C0OH;-.... 6,5,5-TriehIoro-3-methyl-3-penten-2-one as ChC-CHr-CBKCHQ-CO-OH; an and ChOCH:CC0CHs)=CH 5,5,5-Trichloro-3-methylene-2-pentanone. a: aasszssszss ss assassin-sews"- -:'z-zm mssamt v 1'0 11 as ChC-CH -CHBr-CHZNdHg); ctc-cn=cn-cn;n o'm N,N-dimethyl-4,4,4-tr:hl0m-2-bMelly! I amine. 01 CIIHHHBPQHPNHOMI chc-onwn-cm-nn can N-(4,4,4-Trlohloro-2-butenyl)aniline.

In the typ formula &C-CHRCR'R"Y. R and B may be hydrogen, chlorine, bromine.

methyl, phenyl, carboxyl as well as hydrolyzable derivatives thereof including carbalkoxy, carbaryloxy, carbaralkow, carbonitrilo, carbanhydro and carbamyl, carboxyalkyl and hydrolyzable derivatives (e. g., carboxymethyl, carbonitrilomethyl), acidoxyalkyl (e. g., acetoxymethyl,

benzoylmethyl, diethyl, phosphate, methyl sulfate and triethyl silicato), hydroxyalkyl (e. g., methylol) and haloalkyl (e. g., chloromethyl). ethylene, trimethylene and tetramethylene, and R."

may be R. as wellas alkyl (e. g., methyl, ethyl, propyl. isopropyl, butyl. amyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl),

allrenyl excluding l-alkenyl (e. g., 3-butenyl and 4-cyclohexenyl), aryl (e. g., phenyl, tolyl.

nlyl, naphthyl, xenyl, p -chlorophenyl, o,p-dichlorophenyl, p-trichloromethylphenyl, p-fiuorophenyl. D-trifiuorom'ethylphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl I'and p-carboxyphenyl), aralkyl (e. g.. benzyl), acidyl (e. g., acetyl, butyryl, benzoyl, ethyl-sulfonyl, diethyl phosphonyl and triethylsilicyl), acidylalkyl (e. g., acetylmethyl). alkoxy (e. g., methoxy, ethoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy, and butoxy), aryloxy (e. g., phenoxy and p-chlorophenoxy) aralkoxy (e. g.. benzyloxy and 2-phenylethoxy) v as well as the corresponding al-' koxyallgvl. aryloxyalkyl and aralkoxyalkyl (e. g., methoiwmethyl, butoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, meth'owpropyl, methoxynonyl, phenoxymethyl, naphthoxymethyl and benzyloxymethyl) including the corresponding thioether groups, acidoxy (e. g., acetoxy, butyroxy, capryloxy and benzoyloxy). pyridyl, thienyl and furyl, at least one of R, R and R" being preferably hydrogen and B. being hydrogen when R'- and R" are hydrogen.

The above radicals containing one or more hetero atoms may be attached directly to the carbon chain bearing the terminal halogens X and Y, or the radicals may be separated there- 'from by intervening alkylene, cycloalkylene,

arylene hydrocarbon or ether groups, in which case B. R. and B." may also be hydroxyl, mercapto, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, di-' arylamino, and N-alkyl-N-arylamino.

In their order of preference, the above reactants may be classified as follows:

Class A.X1C-CH2CR'R."Y, where R is hy- R" is hydrogen, chlorine, alkyl, alkenvlallwl. cycloalkyl. aryl, carboxyl, and earboxyalkyl as well 85 birdrolyzable derivatives thereof including carbonitrilo, carbalkoxy and carbalkoxyalkyl', alkenoxy, alkenoxyalkyl, aralkoxy, as well as the corresponding thioether groups, acylracylalkyl, acyloxy, acyiokyalkyl: x

and Y being as above defined.

Class B.XaCCHs-CHR"Y, X and being as above defined; R" being as defined inclass A.

aryl, carboxyl,. carboxylalkyl including hydro lyzable derivatives thereof, alkoxyalkyl, acyloxy and acyloxyalkyl; X and Y being as' above defined.

Class D. X;C-'CH R,'-CHR.'-Y, where R is as defined above in class B; X and Ybeing'as above defined. 1

- The new compounds of our invention are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of; other from 1 to 2 molar equivalentsmf erably a strong inorganic alkali, e. g.,.alka'li and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such ass'odium hydroxide. potassium hydroxide and calciumhydroxide. The reactions are exothermic and require no more than mild heating, and maybe carried out at from 0-100 C., and preferablybelow 60 C.. to effect completion of the reactions.

The requirement 01'- using not more than 2 molar equivalents for each molarequivalent of the first mentioned compound'is critical in this invention for the reason that above this proportion there is a tendency to form products in which the terminal 0130-- group has lost one or more chiprine atoms. The reaction time will depend to some extent on the specific organic-reactant employed, as well as on its concentration reaction mixt'ire,-and times in to 5 hours usually sumce.

Inert diluents suchvas hydrocarbons alcohols, and ethers may be employed to dissipate the heat of thereaction and/or to homogenize the reactant mixture.

At the end of the reaction the precipitated inorganic salts are removed by filtration, the-filtrate is evaporated to remove inert diluents, if. any. and the residue is purified by conventional techniques such as fractional distillation,- crystal.- lization. etc.

The following examples disclose our invention in more detail.

X1CCHRCB.'R"Y I with at least a molar equivalent. and preferably an alkali; pretthe range of 0.5

na a. (theory 30.19).

mole! A solutiono! 342 g. (6.1 molesyo't 85% potassimnhydroxidein3litersot95$aomousethanol isaddeddropwiseto1090g.(6.0moles)o1vis0rously agitated 1.1.1. -tetrachlormm The reactionis exothermic and the temperature is maintainedinthevicinityoi'25'Qbycontrolling therateotaddltionoithealkaliand,ii'necessary,byoecasionalcoolingoifthereactionvessel. Whenalloith'ealkalihasbeenaddedthereaetion mixtureisdlluted withtwovolumes of waterandthenon-a ueomlayerisseparated anddried. Fraetioml distillation otthelatter -yields304.5g.oIthenewcompo\md 3,3,3-'- trichloropropene, B. 4445.5 C./103 'mm., 100.5

1111,3038 (theory 30.19).

swarmed. 13.13% 01 (film 13.15%).

From the above distillation are also obtained 110.6

g. of the isomeric 1,1,3-trichloropropene, B. 74-5 C./103 1 m.; a 1.4960;

glam

Analysis.1'bund, 73.02% Cl (theory 73.15%). The: structure of the 3,3,3-tricl1loropl'openehas been confirmed by oxidation to chloroform with permanganate, the degradation presumably occurring through the intermediate formation of trichloroacetic acid which is unstable under such oxidising conditions,

'losingoorz 01nnew 3,3,3-trichloropropene adds bromine readily. to form the new compound 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,3-dihromopropane, B. C./4.5.n 1m.;

Anaheim-Pound, 56.02% total halogen as chlorine (theory, 511.00%).

' lsamplez Sixty-seven and nine-tenths grams (0.3 mole) of 3-bromo-1,1,1-trichloropropane are dehydrobrominated by treatment with a solution of 22.0 g. (0.33 mole) of 85% potassium hydroxide in 100 ml.oi 95% ethanolinthesamemannerasExample 1, to yield 36 g. of the same 3.3,3-trichloropropene, B. -7 C./103 mm.; a 1.4677.

Example 3 To an agitated solution of 96 g. (0.5 mole) of 1,1,l,3-tetrachlorobutane in ml. of 95% ethanol are slowly added 36.3 g. (0.55 mole) of flnely' divided solid 85% potasium hydroxide. The reaction temperature is maintained at below 50 C..andatterallthealkalihasbeenadded,the reaction mixture is cooled and diluted with 200 ml. of water. The non-aqueous layer is separated.

8 the new compound'1,1.1-trichloro-2-butene, B. 79.8-30.3 C./103 mm.; o 1.4819;

MR 35.41 (theory, 34.81).

Analysia-Jbund, 67.14% Cl; (theory, 66.71%). This compound undergoes a violent exothermic. reaction at room temperature in the presence of a 'catalytic amount of ferric chloride, with evolution of hydrogen 'chloride and resiniflcation of the residue.

Example 4 In an analogous fashion to that of Example 3 above, 1,1,1,3-tetrach loro-.3-methylbutane is dehydrochlorinated by an equlmolar quantity of potassium hydroxide to-yield the new compoimd Y 4,4, 4-trichloro-2-methyl 1 butene, B. 09-01:

c. 1oa mm.; 11,, 1.4741;

. 4:1.2398 111e,, 3936 (theory. 39.42).

. Ana1ysis.-Fbund, 61.34% c) (theory, 61.35%).

Example 5 MRD 35.04 (theory, 35.01)

Analusis.--Found.' 60.49% Cl (theory. 60.63%). The above distillationlikewise yields 28.7 g. of the new compound 4,4,4-trichloro-2-butenol. B. 64-5 C./1.0 mm.; 71, 1.5043.

Analysis.Round, 59.92% Cl (theory, 60.63%).

Example 6 triclrloro-lB-epoxybutane, the latter predomlnating.

' Example 7 In the manner of Example 5 above, 156 parts of 2 bromo 4,4,4 trichloro 2 methyibutyl acetate are treated with a solution of 34 g. oi potassium hydroxide in ml. of ethanol for 9 hours. Fractional distillation of the reaction products yields 49.2 parts 01' 1,1,1-trichloro- 3,4-epo1w-3-methylbutane, B. 50-52 C./5 mm.; per cent chlorine, 56.10 (theory, 56.14), as well as 15 parts oi 4,4,4-trichloro-2-methyl-2P butenal acetate, B. 98-106 C./2.7 mm.; per cent chlorine 45.05 (theory, 46.1)

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to protect by letters Patent is:

1. A trichloromethyl oleilne containing a terminal trichloromethyl group and having an ethylenically-bonded carbon atom in the beta position to said triehloromethyl group. which trichloromethyi olefin is selected iromthe group consisting of a trichloropropene boiling at 44- 47 C. at 103 mm. Hg pressure. and having a drill and (new to yield I'M s. at reflective index 0! 11 14077-"; a trishlaro- 9 2 methyl 1 butene boiling at 89-91 C. at 103 mm. Hg pressure, and having a refractive index of approximately n 1.4747; and a trichloro 2 butene boiling at 79.8-80.3" C. at

103 mm. Hg pressure and having a refractive index of approximately 11,," 1.4819.

2. Altrichloropropene boiling at 44-47 C. at 103 mm. Hg pressure, and having a refractive index of 1L 1.4677-1.4678.

3. A triclfloro-Z-methyl-l-butene boiling at 89-91 C. at 103 mm. Hg pressure. and having a refractive index of 12 1.4747. 7

4. A method of preparing the compound given in claim 4 which comprises subjecting 1,1,1,3-

tetrachloropropane to alkaline dehydrochlorination using from 1 to 2 molar equivalents of alkali for each molar equivalent of said compound, for a time and at a temperature suflicient to form a predominant quantity of the desired compound.

1 ELBERT C. LADD.

SEAPHES D. SHINKLE.

10 REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,410,541 Joyce Nov. 5, 1946 2,440,800 Hanford et a1 May 4. 1948 2,468,208 Kharasch Apr. 26, 1949 OTHER REFERENCES Chemical Abstracts," vol. 34, column 7847 (1940) Abstract of article by Nagabina. Kharasch: Science," vol. 102, page 128 (1945).

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,561,516 July 24, 1951 ELBERT C. LADD ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 9, line 14, for the claim reference numeral 4 read 2 and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 1st day of January, A. D'. 1952.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Oommissioner of Patenta,

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,561,516 July 24, 1951 ELBERT O. LADD ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 9, line 14, for the claim reference numeral-4 read Q and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 1st day of January, A. D. 1952.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

1. A TRICHLOROMETHYL OLEFINE CONTAINING A TERMINAL TRICHLOROMETHYL GROUP AND HAVING AND ETHYLENICALLY-BONDED CARBON ATOM IN THE BETA POSITION TO SAID TRICHLOROMETHYL GROUP, WHICH TRICHLOROMETHYL OLEFIN IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A TRICHLOROPENE BOILING AT 4447* C. AT 103 MM. HG PRESSURE, AND HAVING A REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ND20 1.4677-1.4678; A TRICHLORO2 - METHYL - 1 - BUTENE BOILING AT 89-91* C. AT 103 MM. HG PRESSURE, AND HAVING A REFRACTIVE INDEX OF APPROXIMATELY ND20 1.4747; AND A TRICHLORO - 2 - BUTENE BOILING AT 79.8-80.3* C. AT 103 MM. HG PRESSURE AND HAVING A REFRACTIVE INDEX OF APPROXIMATELY ND20 1.4819. 